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Off-by-default lens · own legend, not the census palette

Ancient world: propagation bands

What the excavated-corpus estimator implies about how much cuneiform Mesopotamia and Greco-Roman Egypt actually produced — not what survives, what was made. Every number below is a band, never a bare point.

How to read this lens

This lens is off by default because it measures a different, much wider kind of uncertainty than the rest of the map. Every other cell you have seen is grounded in a census: a catalogued, counted object. These bands are not that -- they are what a four-stage chain (deposition, preservation, excavation, publication) implies about how much was PRODUCED, given how little of the ancient world's writing could ever have reached a modern catalogue at all. The bands are honestly enormous (often two orders of magnitude, p05 to p95), and that width is not a flaw to be hidden: it is the actual state of knowledge about the excavated ancient world, decomposed stage by stage so you can see exactly which gap in the evidence is driving it. Every number on this page is a band, never a bare point; the width bar is mandatory precisely so it cannot be mistaken for a census-grade count.

The estimator arc (Wave 3b design + Wave 4a scored bet + Wave 4b consolidation/out-of-sample) is fully independently VERIFIED (docs/generated/scriptome_v1_wave4b_verification.md), meeting the operator's gate for this lens to go live (docs/generated/scriptome_promotion_grammar_brief.md, OPERATOR DECISION).

Cuneiform (Mesopotamia, Elam, the Levant)

Source: ScriptomeMethodRun #159 (excavated-corpus-v1-cuneiform-wave5-20260705110934), 2026-07-05. Zero server-side recomputation: read directly from this run's own materialized cells.

aggregate_mesopotamia_elam_levant / all — of order 10^8; plausibly 30.4M to 3.0B
Log-scale p05–p95 width bar (10³ .. 10¹³)
10³10&sup5;10&sup7;10&sup9;10¹¹10¹³
p05
30440704
p25
113728619
p50
301050116
p75
805290564
p95
3002760531

Width: 1.99 dex (orders of magnitude, p05-p95). N_obs (census input to this cell): 421501.

Per-stage variance decomposition
deposition 0.305
excavation 0.453
preservation 0.211
publication 0.025
census_noise 0.004
observation:census_completeness 0.002
What would change this number
aggregate_mesopotamia_elam_levant / hm-3500 — of order 10^6; plausibly 236.7K to 48.6M
Log-scale p05–p95 width bar (10³ .. 10¹³)
10³10&sup5;10&sup7;10&sup9;10¹¹10¹³
p05
236744
p25
1145892
p50
3505545
p75
10851866
p95
48583663

Width: 2.31 dex (orders of magnitude, p05-p95). N_obs (census input to this cell): 421501.

Per-stage variance decomposition
deposition 0.221
excavation 0.329
preservation 0.154
publication 0.018
census_noise 0.003
observation:census_completeness 0.001
observation:period_share_sampling 0.274
What would change this number
aggregate_mesopotamia_elam_levant / hm-3000 — of order 10^6; plausibly 317.2K to 37.3M
Log-scale p05–p95 width bar (10³ .. 10¹³)
10³10&sup5;10&sup7;10&sup9;10¹¹10¹³
p05
317240
p25
1256791
p50
3509435
p75
9696048
p95
37300114

Width: 2.07 dex (orders of magnitude, p05-p95). N_obs (census input to this cell): 421501.

Per-stage variance decomposition
deposition 0.279
excavation 0.416
preservation 0.194
publication 0.023
census_noise 0.004
observation:census_completeness 0.002
observation:period_share_sampling 0.083
What would change this number
aggregate_mesopotamia_elam_levant / hm-2500 — of order 10^7; plausibly 9.9M to 980.8M
Log-scale p05–p95 width bar (10³ .. 10¹³)
10³10&sup5;10&sup7;10&sup9;10¹¹10¹³
p05
9867045
p25
36661921
p50
99154294
p75
262275888
p95
980777489

Width: 2.00 dex (orders of magnitude, p05-p95). N_obs (census input to this cell): 421501.

Per-stage variance decomposition
deposition 0.303
excavation 0.451
preservation 0.210
publication 0.024
census_noise 0.004
observation:census_completeness 0.002
observation:period_share_sampling 0.005
What would change this number
aggregate_mesopotamia_elam_levant / hm-2000 — of order 10^7; plausibly 6.8M to 676.5M
Log-scale p05–p95 width bar (10³ .. 10¹³)
10³10&sup5;10&sup7;10&sup9;10¹¹10¹³
p05
6769828
p25
25155322
p50
67975773
p75
179957399
p95
676541350

Width: 2.00 dex (orders of magnitude, p05-p95). N_obs (census input to this cell): 421501.

Per-stage variance decomposition
deposition 0.303
excavation 0.451
preservation 0.210
publication 0.024
census_noise 0.004
observation:census_completeness 0.002
observation:period_share_sampling 0.006
What would change this number
aggregate_mesopotamia_elam_levant / hm-1500 — of order 10^7; plausibly 2.1M to 213.7M
Log-scale p05–p95 width bar (10³ .. 10¹³)
10³10&sup5;10&sup7;10&sup9;10¹¹10¹³
p05
2109698
p25
8000320
p50
21026476
p75
57041658
p95
213722751

Width: 2.01 dex (orders of magnitude, p05-p95). N_obs (census input to this cell): 421501.

Per-stage variance decomposition
deposition 0.295
excavation 0.439
preservation 0.204
publication 0.024
census_noise 0.004
observation:census_completeness 0.002
observation:period_share_sampling 0.033
What would change this number
aggregate_mesopotamia_elam_levant / hm-1000 — of order 10^7; plausibly 4.4M to 463.4M
Log-scale p05–p95 width bar (10³ .. 10¹³)
10³10&sup5;10&sup7;10&sup9;10¹¹10¹³
p05
4382745
p25
16714414
p50
45479591
p75
121266759
p95
463449350

Width: 2.02 dex (orders of magnitude, p05-p95). N_obs (census input to this cell): 421501.

Per-stage variance decomposition
deposition 0.302
excavation 0.449
preservation 0.209
publication 0.024
census_noise 0.004
observation:census_completeness 0.002
observation:period_share_sampling 0.011
What would change this number
aggregate_mesopotamia_elam_levant / c-05 — of order 10^6; plausibly 357.1K to 39.6M
Log-scale p05–p95 width bar (10³ .. 10¹³)
10³10&sup5;10&sup7;10&sup9;10¹¹10¹³
p05
357092
p25
1383241
p50
3807609
p75
10241899
p95
39575656

Width: 2.04 dex (orders of magnitude, p05-p95). N_obs (census input to this cell): 421501.

Per-stage variance decomposition
deposition 0.285
excavation 0.425
preservation 0.198
publication 0.023
census_noise 0.004
observation:census_completeness 0.002
observation:period_share_sampling 0.064
What would change this number
aggregate_mesopotamia_elam_levant / c-04 — of order 10^6; plausibly 298.7K to 31.1M
Log-scale p05–p95 width bar (10³ .. 10¹³)
10³10&sup5;10&sup7;10&sup9;10¹¹10¹³
p05
298675
p25
1149537
p50
3104875
p75
8197285
p95
31079239

Width: 2.02 dex (orders of magnitude, p05-p95). N_obs (census input to this cell): 421501.

Per-stage variance decomposition
deposition 0.290
excavation 0.432
preservation 0.201
publication 0.023
census_noise 0.004
observation:census_completeness 0.002
observation:period_share_sampling 0.048
What would change this number
aggregate_mesopotamia_elam_levant / c-03 — of order 10^5; plausibly 76.0K to 10.8M
Log-scale p05–p95 width bar (10³ .. 10¹³)
10³10&sup5;10&sup7;10&sup9;10¹¹10¹³
p05
76004
p25
315863
p50
892513
p75
2605041
p95
10840448

Width: 2.15 dex (orders of magnitude, p05-p95). N_obs (census input to this cell): 421501.

Per-stage variance decomposition
deposition 0.259
excavation 0.385
preservation 0.179
publication 0.021
census_noise 0.003
observation:census_completeness 0.002
observation:period_share_sampling 0.152
What would change this number
aggregate_mesopotamia_elam_levant / c-02 — of order 10^5; plausibly 76.2K to 11.0M
Log-scale p05–p95 width bar (10³ .. 10¹³)
10³10&sup5;10&sup7;10&sup9;10¹¹10¹³
p05
76241
p25
316697
p50
917679
p75
2613285
p95
10954836

Width: 2.16 dex (orders of magnitude, p05-p95). N_obs (census input to this cell): 421501.

Per-stage variance decomposition
deposition 0.259
excavation 0.385
preservation 0.179
publication 0.021
census_noise 0.003
observation:census_completeness 0.002
observation:period_share_sampling 0.152
What would change this number
aggregate_mesopotamia_elam_levant / c-01 — of order 10^5; plausibly 29.0K to 3.9M
Log-scale p05–p95 width bar (10³ .. 10¹³)
10³10&sup5;10&sup7;10&sup9;10¹¹10¹³
p05
29046
p25
119020
p50
342479
p75
971453
p95
3921079

Width: 2.13 dex (orders of magnitude, p05-p95). N_obs (census input to this cell): 421501.

Per-stage variance decomposition
deposition 0.259
excavation 0.385
preservation 0.179
publication 0.021
census_noise 0.003
observation:census_completeness 0.002
observation:period_share_sampling 0.152
What would change this number

Greco-Roman papyri (Egypt)

Source: ScriptomeMethodRun #160 (excavated-corpus-v1-papyri-wave5-20260705110934), 2026-07-05. Zero server-side recomputation: read directly from this run's own materialized cells.

egypt / all — of order 10^9; plausibly 101.5M to 43.1B
Log-scale p05–p95 width bar (10³ .. 10¹³)
10³10&sup5;10&sup7;10&sup9;10¹¹10¹³
p05
101511114
p25
594385727
p50
2090999730
p75
7262899443
p95
43061993782

Width: 2.63 dex (orders of magnitude, p05-p95). N_obs (census input to this cell): 64587.

Per-stage variance decomposition
deposition 0.194
excavation 0.185
preservation_environment 0.065
preservation_material 0.156
publication 0.131
census_noise 0.000
observation:census_completeness 0.000
observation:site_heterogeneity 0.267
What would change this number
egypt / c-05 — of order 10^5; plausibly 18.9K to 7.1M
Log-scale p05–p95 width bar (10³ .. 10¹³)
10³10&sup5;10&sup7;10&sup9;10¹¹10¹³
p05
18886
p25
102961
p50
357923
p75
1237959
p95
7051707

Width: 2.57 dex (orders of magnitude, p05-p95). N_obs (census input to this cell): 11.

Per-stage variance decomposition
deposition 0.194
excavation 0.185
preservation_environment 0.065
preservation_material 0.156
publication 0.131
census_noise 0.000
observation:census_completeness 0.000
observation:site_heterogeneity 0.267
What would change this number
egypt / c-04 — of order 10^6; plausibly 144.8K to 60.1M
Log-scale p05–p95 width bar (10³ .. 10¹³)
10³10&sup5;10&sup7;10&sup9;10¹¹10¹³
p05
144823
p25
853891
p50
2964313
p75
10416667
p95
60149065

Width: 2.62 dex (orders of magnitude, p05-p95). N_obs (census input to this cell): 93.

Per-stage variance decomposition
deposition 0.194
excavation 0.185
preservation_environment 0.065
preservation_material 0.156
publication 0.131
census_noise 0.000
observation:census_completeness 0.000
observation:site_heterogeneity 0.267
What would change this number
egypt / c-03 — of order 10^8; plausibly 6.0M to 2.5B
Log-scale p05–p95 width bar (10³ .. 10¹³)
10³10&sup5;10&sup7;10&sup9;10¹¹10¹³
p05
6015745
p25
34893749
p50
118897758
p75
429854673
p95
2548443572

Width: 2.63 dex (orders of magnitude, p05-p95). N_obs (census input to this cell): 3830.

Per-stage variance decomposition
deposition 0.194
excavation 0.185
preservation_environment 0.065
preservation_material 0.156
publication 0.131
census_noise 0.000
observation:census_completeness 0.000
observation:site_heterogeneity 0.267
What would change this number
egypt / c-02 — of order 10^8; plausibly 5.5M to 2.3B
Log-scale p05–p95 width bar (10³ .. 10¹³)
10³10&sup5;10&sup7;10&sup9;10¹¹10¹³
p05
5493585
p25
31880196
p50
111926123
p75
388064598
p95
2256907329

Width: 2.61 dex (orders of magnitude, p05-p95). N_obs (census input to this cell): 3408.

Per-stage variance decomposition
deposition 0.194
excavation 0.185
preservation_environment 0.065
preservation_material 0.156
publication 0.131
census_noise 0.000
observation:census_completeness 0.000
observation:site_heterogeneity 0.267
What would change this number
egypt / c-01 — of order 10^7; plausibly 3.2M to 1.3B
Log-scale p05–p95 width bar (10³ .. 10¹³)
10³10&sup5;10&sup7;10&sup9;10¹¹10¹³
p05
3185878
p25
17715680
p50
62177372
p75
219842132
p95
1287079654

Width: 2.61 dex (orders of magnitude, p05-p95). N_obs (census input to this cell): 1921.

Per-stage variance decomposition
deposition 0.194
excavation 0.185
preservation_environment 0.065
preservation_material 0.156
publication 0.131
census_noise 0.000
observation:census_completeness 0.000
observation:site_heterogeneity 0.267
What would change this number
egypt / c01 — of order 10^8; plausibly 9.8M to 3.7B
Log-scale p05–p95 width bar (10³ .. 10¹³)
10³10&sup5;10&sup7;10&sup9;10¹¹10¹³
p05
9841691
p25
54034291
p50
196704469
p75
679532752
p95
3713222183

Width: 2.58 dex (orders of magnitude, p05-p95). N_obs (census input to this cell): 6019.

Per-stage variance decomposition
deposition 0.194
excavation 0.185
preservation_environment 0.065
preservation_material 0.156
publication 0.131
census_noise 0.000
observation:census_completeness 0.000
observation:site_heterogeneity 0.267
What would change this number
egypt / c02 — of order 10^8; plausibly 25.9M to 10.6B
Log-scale p05–p95 width bar (10³ .. 10¹³)
10³10&sup5;10&sup7;10&sup9;10¹¹10¹³
p05
25867421
p25
150466070
p50
529214606
p75
1872803683
p95
10564584929

Width: 2.61 dex (orders of magnitude, p05-p95). N_obs (census input to this cell): 16313.

Per-stage variance decomposition
deposition 0.194
excavation 0.185
preservation_environment 0.065
preservation_material 0.156
publication 0.131
census_noise 0.000
observation:census_completeness 0.000
observation:site_heterogeneity 0.267
What would change this number
egypt / c03 — of order 10^8; plausibly 15.2M to 6.1B
Log-scale p05–p95 width bar (10³ .. 10¹³)
10³10&sup5;10&sup7;10&sup9;10¹¹10¹³
p05
15201198
p25
86800010
p50
300734133
p75
1052505827
p95
6121616553

Width: 2.60 dex (orders of magnitude, p05-p95). N_obs (census input to this cell): 9403.

Per-stage variance decomposition
deposition 0.194
excavation 0.185
preservation_environment 0.065
preservation_material 0.156
publication 0.131
census_noise 0.000
observation:census_completeness 0.000
observation:site_heterogeneity 0.267
What would change this number
egypt / c04 — of order 10^8; plausibly 9.9M to 4.0B
Log-scale p05–p95 width bar (10³ .. 10¹³)
10³10&sup5;10&sup7;10&sup9;10¹¹10¹³
p05
9929912
p25
56249631
p50
197645973
p75
698728560
p95
4031310589

Width: 2.61 dex (orders of magnitude, p05-p95). N_obs (census input to this cell): 6192.

Per-stage variance decomposition
deposition 0.194
excavation 0.185
preservation_environment 0.065
preservation_material 0.156
publication 0.131
census_noise 0.000
observation:census_completeness 0.000
observation:site_heterogeneity 0.267
What would change this number
egypt / c05 — of order 10^7; plausibly 4.4M to 1.7B
Log-scale p05–p95 width bar (10³ .. 10¹³)
10³10&sup5;10&sup7;10&sup9;10¹¹10¹³
p05
4418378
p25
25308942
p50
87105137
p75
297355236
p95
1705822492

Width: 2.59 dex (orders of magnitude, p05-p95). N_obs (census input to this cell): 2630.

Per-stage variance decomposition
deposition 0.194
excavation 0.185
preservation_environment 0.065
preservation_material 0.156
publication 0.131
census_noise 0.000
observation:census_completeness 0.000
observation:site_heterogeneity 0.267
What would change this number
egypt / c06 — of order 10^8; plausibly 7.7M to 3.1B
Log-scale p05–p95 width bar (10³ .. 10¹³)
10³10&sup5;10&sup7;10&sup9;10¹¹10¹³
p05
7711206
p25
43041462
p50
153293362
p75
554838157
p95
3137165415

Width: 2.61 dex (orders of magnitude, p05-p95). N_obs (census input to this cell): 4814.

Per-stage variance decomposition
deposition 0.194
excavation 0.185
preservation_environment 0.065
preservation_material 0.156
publication 0.131
census_noise 0.000
observation:census_completeness 0.000
observation:site_heterogeneity 0.267
What would change this number
egypt / c07 — of order 10^8; plausibly 9.4M to 3.7B
Log-scale p05–p95 width bar (10³ .. 10¹³)
10³10&sup5;10&sup7;10&sup9;10¹¹10¹³
p05
9430670
p25
54544819
p50
190093841
p75
671124048
p95
3741870029

Width: 2.60 dex (orders of magnitude, p05-p95). N_obs (census input to this cell): 5842.

Per-stage variance decomposition
deposition 0.194
excavation 0.185
preservation_environment 0.065
preservation_material 0.156
publication 0.131
census_noise 0.000
observation:census_completeness 0.000
observation:site_heterogeneity 0.267
What would change this number
egypt / c08 — of order 10^8; plausibly 5.6M to 2.2B
Log-scale p05–p95 width bar (10³ .. 10¹³)
10³10&sup5;10&sup7;10&sup9;10¹¹10¹³
p05
5568997
p25
31451812
p50
108588653
p75
386403929
p95
2165539883

Width: 2.59 dex (orders of magnitude, p05-p95). N_obs (census input to this cell): 3311.

Per-stage variance decomposition
deposition 0.194
excavation 0.185
preservation_environment 0.065
preservation_material 0.156
publication 0.131
census_noise 0.000
observation:census_completeness 0.000
observation:site_heterogeneity 0.267
What would change this number
Explicit abstentions (18)
  • afghanistan / all: Chain inversion runs only where the burial->find chain is anchorable (Egypt's desert gate). Every other mapped region (levant, italy, etc.) is an existence-proof lane: real finds, real writing, but no defensible f_env/s_material prior -- abstention, not silent inclusion.
  • arabian_peninsula / all: Chain inversion runs only where the burial->find chain is anchorable (Egypt's desert gate). Every other mapped region (levant, italy, etc.) is an existence-proof lane: real finds, real writing, but no defensible f_env/s_material prior -- abstention, not silent inclusion.
  • austria / all: Chain inversion runs only where the burial->find chain is anchorable (Egypt's desert gate). Every other mapped region (levant, italy, etc.) is an existence-proof lane: real finds, real writing, but no defensible f_env/s_material prior -- abstention, not silent inclusion.
  • british_isles / all: Chain inversion runs only where the burial->find chain is anchorable (Egypt's desert gate). Every other mapped region (levant, italy, etc.) is an existence-proof lane: real finds, real writing, but no defensible f_env/s_material prior -- abstention, not silent inclusion.
  • france / all: Chain inversion runs only where the burial->find chain is anchorable (Egypt's desert gate). Every other mapped region (levant, italy, etc.) is an existence-proof lane: real finds, real writing, but no defensible f_env/s_material prior -- abstention, not silent inclusion.
  • georgia / all: Chain inversion runs only where the burial->find chain is anchorable (Egypt's desert gate). Every other mapped region (levant, italy, etc.) is an existence-proof lane: real finds, real writing, but no defensible f_env/s_material prior -- abstention, not silent inclusion.
  • greece / all: Chain inversion runs only where the burial->find chain is anchorable (Egypt's desert gate). Every other mapped region (levant, italy, etc.) is an existence-proof lane: real finds, real writing, but no defensible f_env/s_material prior -- abstention, not silent inclusion.
  • iberia / all: Chain inversion runs only where the burial->find chain is anchorable (Egypt's desert gate). Every other mapped region (levant, italy, etc.) is an existence-proof lane: real finds, real writing, but no defensible f_env/s_material prior -- abstention, not silent inclusion.
  • iran / all: Chain inversion runs only where the burial->find chain is anchorable (Egypt's desert gate). Every other mapped region (levant, italy, etc.) is an existence-proof lane: real finds, real writing, but no defensible f_env/s_material prior -- abstention, not silent inclusion.
  • italy / all: Chain inversion runs only where the burial->find chain is anchorable (Egypt's desert gate). Every other mapped region (levant, italy, etc.) is an existence-proof lane: real finds, real writing, but no defensible f_env/s_material prior -- abstention, not silent inclusion.
  • levant / all: Chain inversion runs only where the burial->find chain is anchorable (Egypt's desert gate). Every other mapped region (levant, italy, etc.) is an existence-proof lane: real finds, real writing, but no defensible f_env/s_material prior -- abstention, not silent inclusion.
  • maghreb / all: Chain inversion runs only where the burial->find chain is anchorable (Egypt's desert gate). Every other mapped region (levant, italy, etc.) is an existence-proof lane: real finds, real writing, but no defensible f_env/s_material prior -- abstention, not silent inclusion.
  • middle_east / all: Chain inversion runs only where the burial->find chain is anchorable (Egypt's desert gate). Every other mapped region (levant, italy, etc.) is an existence-proof lane: real finds, real writing, but no defensible f_env/s_material prior -- abstention, not silent inclusion.
  • north_africa / all: Chain inversion runs only where the burial->find chain is anchorable (Egypt's desert gate). Every other mapped region (levant, italy, etc.) is an existence-proof lane: real finds, real writing, but no defensible f_env/s_material prior -- abstention, not silent inclusion.
  • sudan / all: Chain inversion runs only where the burial->find chain is anchorable (Egypt's desert gate). Every other mapped region (levant, italy, etc.) is an existence-proof lane: real finds, real writing, but no defensible f_env/s_material prior -- abstention, not silent inclusion.
  • switzerland / all: Chain inversion runs only where the burial->find chain is anchorable (Egypt's desert gate). Every other mapped region (levant, italy, etc.) is an existence-proof lane: real finds, real writing, but no defensible f_env/s_material prior -- abstention, not silent inclusion.
  • turkey / all: Chain inversion runs only where the burial->find chain is anchorable (Egypt's desert gate). Every other mapped region (levant, italy, etc.) is an existence-proof lane: real finds, real writing, but no defensible f_env/s_material prior -- abstention, not silent inclusion.
  • unmapped / all: Abstained: origin unmapped abstained not guessed (the underlying run recorded this reason key without further prose).

Model honesty

The three scored bets

This is the reason to trust these bands' honesty, not their precision: every prediction below was written down and frozen BEFORE the evidence that scores it was measured. Wins and losses are shown with identical weight — a lens that only reported its wins would not have earned any trust at all.

CDLI full-catalogue period-mix prediction
5/9 bands HIT; directional claims PASS
Registered Wave 3b, scored Wave 4a

The anti-artifact bet is vindicated: the ID-ordered Wave-3a batch measured Ur III at 83.9%; this wave's seeded random sample measures Ur III at 26.232% (95% CI 18.6-33.9%), inside the registered 20-28% band and far below the 40% ceiling. 5 of 9 period-mix bands hit; both directional claims passed. Scored exactly per the pre-registered, pre-evidence protocol -- no band or bucket-mapping rule was adjusted after seeing this outcome.

Scored mechanically as written against a seeded random sample -- a real, pre-registered result -- but not epistemically blind: the site-selection queries this project ran to design later bets (Karanis) show this project does look at live data while designing its own tests. Sound-not-blind is the honest description, not "blind," and not "invalid" either.

Oxyrhynchus → Tebtunis out-of-sample check
LOSE
Wave 4b

LOSE: the actual Tebtunis census count sits far above the band predicted by transporting Oxyrhynchus's own census-yield-per-recovered-piece rate. This is model-class information, not a reporting problem (goal's own framing): it directly tests whether the excavation x publication PRODUCT is safely treated as tradition-constant (the v1 estimator's working assumption) or varies materially by site. The measured answer here is that it varies -- Tebtunis's own yield rate is measured several-fold higher than Oxyrhynchus's.

Karanis third-site prediction
LOSE
Wave 5

A second LOSE, even after widening the band with the Wave-4b Oxyrhynchus->Tebtunis df=1 heterogeneity estimate: actual Karanis census 2,281 sits 3.7x above even the widened p95 ceiling (611), and ~21x the p50. Read plainly as model-class information (per the goal's own framing, exactly as Wave 4b's original LOSE was read): the SINGLE two-site heterogeneity estimate this project owns (Oxyrhynchus vs. Tebtunis, +/-0.71 dex) is NOT wide enough to bracket a third site's true deviation -- either genuine site-to-site dispersion in the excavation x publication yield rate is substantially LARGER than one pair can measure, or Karanis's own anchor (already flagged as the weakest in the table, banded from a collection-wide ceiling rather than a site-specific figure) is itself too low, or both. Both are real, named, undecided candidate explanations -- not adjudicated here, per the same discipline Wave 4b applied to its own LOSE. This does NOT widen site_heterogeneity's own prior after the fact (no re-editing, per the scoring rule above); it is named as a recommended Wave-6+ reconsideration instead (see the wave report's Phase 2 section).